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Thursday, August 27, 2020
Structural Empowerment Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Auxiliary Empowerment Paper - Case Study Example Being the leader of Southern Cross Enterprise, Tedââ¬â¢s work includes making the organization productive and trustworthy in its industry. With todayââ¬â¢s ever-changing business condition, pioneers have various jobs that they are relied upon to perform extraordinarily (Meindl and Shamir, 2007). Their adequacy in satisfying these jobs means the accomplishment of their associations. The jobs are general as each pioneer is relied upon to satisfy them in spite of the nature or size of their association (Hiller, Day and Vance, 2006). The most essential job a pioneer has is that of viably conveying to their subordinates. Viable correspondence, from the top, guarantees that the association runs easily (Arkebauer and Miller, 1999). Ted, as the leader of Southern Cross Enterprise, comes up short in his job as the communicator of his firm. As per the article, Ted coexists with his subordinates however infrequently invests energy with them. Generally, Ted is in his office investigating about the companyââ¬â¢s market and its rivals. His inability to effectively associate is obvious by the propensity of unrests happening in the association. A pioneer, as a communicator, ought to have the option to contact his staff and different partners (Firestone, 1996). Ted ought to urge his representatives to trade data for effective running of activities. To determine this issue, Ted ought to receive an open, fair and proper methods for speaking with his subordinates (Eagly and Johnson, 1990). He should plan meet-ups, other than the companyââ¬â¢s yearly cookout, to communicate with his workers. By receiving open correspondence, Ted may have the option to determine the pressure among his laborers. Pioneers, in their associations, embrace the job of vital masterminds so as to control the organization to gainfulness. Ted as the pioneer of his organization is doing a genuinely great job given his organization is beneficial right now. He explores about the patterns in the wine making industry to increase a
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Environmental Impact of Prescribed burning in the United States Essay Example for Free
Ecological Impact of Prescribed consuming in the United States Essay The term endorsed consuming alludes to an administration practice in which fire is utilized to consume a foreordained territory under determined natural conditions.â Burning for this situation is utilized as an administration instrument in zones that are helpless against bursting into flames because of the ground spread that goes about as fuel load. Furthermore, consuming is viewed as the most earth amicable and least expensive strategy for having woody development in a biological system controlled.â Prescribed consuming in the United States is normal. In this type of consuming, controlled flames are utilized to consume a predefined land zone after appropriate arranging which guarantees that the current climate conditions are ideal for the consuming. At the point when climate conditions are not appropriate for the consume, negative effect of the fire in the consumed regions is probably going to be seen (Dale et al, 2009).â In the United States, endorsed consuming is viewed as a significant administration device because of the advantages related with it.â Both the landowners and the United States National Forest System have been utilizing recommended consuming for a long time. As per the United States fire arrangement according to the timberland biological system, there is have to embrace endorsed consuming so as to upgrade the development of business backwoods, forestall fierce blaze harm and to improve fire subordinate ecosystems.â However, recommended consuming has been censured for its negative effect on the earth. For example, endorsed copying results to the freeing from land or utilization of land for farming exercises that effectsly affect the environment.â In this paper, the effect of recommended copying on nature in the United States will be discussed.â The paper will concentrate on the impact of recommended copying ashore after it is cleared by recommended fires.â Land clearing that outcomes from the copying impacts contrarily on the vegetation, soil, water and biodiversity. Postulation In the United States recommended consuming is made vital by the conditions in the woods environments or farms. The consuming targets forestalling out of control fires that can harm appropriately or lead to death of the individuals if the fuel load on the ground supports wild fires.â likewise, the United States national woodland framework embraces endorsed consuming exercises because of the natural advantages that consuming provides for the forests.â The national backwoods framework partners recommended consuming to the decrease of out of control fire perils, land improvement, game living space upgrade, creepy crawly and illness the board and site groundwork for reforestation (Biswell, 1999). Instances of regions that have experienced recommended consuming exercises incorporate the California wild terrains, Florida Flatwoods and the Southern eastern US National Forest.â It is critical to understand that albeit endorsed consuming in these regions has its advantages to the biological system and the individuals; it likewise impacts contrarily on the earth after some time. Negative natural effect of endorsed consuming happens notwithstanding the way that recommended consuming is arranged in a way that limits negative impacts of consuming on the environment.â This has made the issue of endorsed consuming to turn into a subject of discussion in the nation .While some think about recommended copying to diminish negative effect of fierce blazes on the earth, copying can likewise affect contrarily on the environment.â Land clearing that outcome from the copying has negative impact on the earth. Conversation Negative effect of Prescribed consuming on vegetation in the wake of freeing from land Recommended consuming outcomes to the freeing from land in a foreordained region as the fire consumes the fuel load.â The consuming has both circuitous and direct negative impacts after land clearing by the fire.â Land clearing thus effectsly affects the vegetation, water, soil and untamed life. The negative effect of endorsed consuming in the United States has been seen in certain zones on the grounds that recommended consuming has become a significant movement in the nation. Consistently, a huge number of hectares are scorched. Albeit different techniques for consuming are utilized consume the vegetation spread in the foreordained zones, fires wreck the current vegetation by either harming or murdering the whole plant or parts of the plant.â This relies upon the span that the fire consumes or the force of the fire.â Prescribed consuming dependent on the cut decrease strategy results to the decrease of flotsam and jetsam. This technique is additionally used to lessen flotsam and jetsam if there should be an occurrence of a characteristic occasion or street construction.â When the board touched off fire is utilized, the consuming of a stand that has been built up is done while guaranteeing that fire doesn't spread past the foreordained territory. While little trees are totally singed during the consuming, bigger trees may endure the flames yet a portion of their trees might be destroyed.â When flames are touched off, the consuming backwoods energizes increment the temperatures which make it hard for the vegetation to endure. Since with regards to consuming the temperature of the vegetation and that of the air are significant, individuals who have the obligation to light flames ought to do it when the air and vegetation temperatures can't support fires that can effectsly affect the environment.â For example, endorsed fires in the United States during winter top murder the hard woods while hardwood rootstocks are executed by summer consumes. In zones where consuming has not been accomplished for a long-lasting, profound natural layer that gathers during endorsed consuming prompts the cambial harm of trees. Since just little warmth is required to wreck the plant cells in developing plants, consuming the vegetation executes developing plants. This prompts the short and long haul pulverization of the vegetation which after some time opens land to changes that sway contrarily on the great states of the earth. One present moment and long haul effect of endorsed consuming in the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National stops in the United States is the adjustment in species arrangement (Mary Berth, 2000).â This change modifies legitimate working of the environment since it prompts the development of new species while those that prior existed and are not open minded to fire before the fire neglect to recover. These two parks are situated in Californiaââ¬â¢s South Nevada areas.â The parks spread around 864, 383 sections of land of land and endorsed consuming in these two parks was made essential by the craving to start biological advantages in the parks.â The two parks recommended fire programs were created in 1969 and keeps on being actualized so as to lessen fuel danger issue that may result from substantial surface fuel loads.â Though the flames have been utilized to decrease the harm that may result from extreme fierce blazes, change in species structure because of the freeing from land by flames has throughout the years been seen in the parks. Flames have constrained the development of species that are not open minded to the fire lighted over a long time.â For example, the expansion in relative thickness of the mammoth Sequoia because of endorsed fires over quite a while has modified the development and endurance of some other plant species.â The fruitful fire systems reclamation in the parks has supported the recovery of the species that are fire-adjusted to the detriment of the species that are less-adjusted to fire.â The decrease of fuel load and the rebuilding of timberland structure after the flames modify the number and example of development of plant species.â The parks have conifer backwoods overwhelmed by the sequoia species. The adjustment in the species number in a timberland biological system influences the correct working of the characteristic environment and this may prompt uncovered ground and soil disintegration when plants and creatures that advance legitimate working of the environment are disposed of from the earth. In biologically touchy living spaces in the United States, recommended fires have effectsly affected the recovery and endurance of plant species.â For instance, the riparian regions in a woods system.â An investigation did to decide the impact of endorsed fire on the riparian territories in the Dark Canyon region demonstrated that the fire expended 90 percent of the ground fuel, 79 percent of the riparian zone pre-fire fuel, and 34 percent of the all out surface fuel.â The fire fundamentally diminished the rate front of the surface vegetation (Beche et al, 2005). When contrasted with the unburned territories, the consumed territory indicated an adjustment in the plant taxa lavishness after the recovery of vegetation.â The decrease in plant taxa spread and extravagance changed the under story riparian vegetation network structure. These progressions show that when a region encounters recommended consuming for quite a while, vanishing of certain species can prompt decrease in the level of vegetative spread. In the California Oak forests, the Native Americans utilized fire to have the Oak forest vegetation altered.â Prescribed flames are considered to lessen the under story woody vegetation and have the tree thickness is lowered.â After the flames, recovery may result to development of vegetation in patches.â Since the settlement of Euro-Americans in the zone, endorsed fire touched off in an environment to make land for domesticated animals farms has evacuated the vegetation spread and rather promising the development of plant species that are useful for scavenge creation. The woody vegetation in the zone has been affected.Eventually, diminished vegetation spread has made it simple for soil to be presented to either wind or downpour erosion.Prescribed fires in Oregonââ¬â¢s Mixed â⬠conifer backwoods of Crater Lake throughout the years have changed species organization by executing species that are not fireproof while giving ideal conditions to the recovery of heat proof species (Agee, 2003).â The Crater Lake National park has in
Friday, August 21, 2020
A Good Place To Look For Your Need For One On One Tutoring
A Good Place To Look For Your Need For One On One TutoringThesis help is something that you can look for. You may have heard people say that you need it, but you probably did not think that it was something that you needed.You can do an internet search for this topic and find many websites that will have all the information that you want. This can be very helpful. I know that for me, it gave me the piece of mind that I was doing the right thing and did not waste my time by trying to solve the problem on my own.In fact, when you are looking for help, you want to make sure that you are getting as much help as possible. In the end, it could be more beneficial to you if someone else is there to help you with the problems. And not just in the physical sense either.There are many different ways that a student can get help from tutors. One of the first places to look is the library. Yes, the library can be a great place to find help in any number of different areas.Now, when you get the rig ht kind of help that works for you, it can really pay off. If you are a terrible writer and you want to write something, then your only choice is to go ahead and hire someone to help you out. It really does pay off for you.If you want to help in other areas of your life, then you should be looking for thesis help from friends and family. There are many things that people that are in your life can do to help you. Sometimes it is best to hear it from someone that knows you better than anyone else.Other times, it is okay to just ask your teachers or professors for some help with schoolwork. This can be important, especially if your professor is having a hard time with a topic. With this, you can also gain valuable knowledge from them as well.If you are not happy with what is going on in your life and in your school, then you should seek help from others that can offer the answers to your questions. It can be a good idea to look around and see what is available before you decide to go t hrough with trying to fix things on your own. After all, the longer you are unhappy, the harder it is to fix things.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Comparing A Thousand And One Nights - 1266 Words
I would like to disclaim this with the statement that I had a slightly difficult time reading through some of the themes of A Thousand and One Nights, for personal reasons somewhat related. That being said, I did my absolute best to go through it still with an analytical eye and a mind hopefully still open enough to see both sides. Any casual reading through A Thousand and One Nights makes it clear that thereââ¬â¢s some negative themes present. While both male and female characters are portrayed as evil, flawed, and sinful, women seem to be most definitely painted in the worse light. The entire story begins /because/ the brotherââ¬â¢s wives cheat on them; first Shahzaman, then Shahrayar. Letting this be the idea that starts everything does castâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Additionally, it can be argued that theyââ¬â¢ve also betrayed their country, by betraying the rulers of them. Shahrayar is described with His power reached the remotest corners of the land and its people, so that the country was loyal to him, and his subjects obeyed him. (1176) As Savanna Conner commented in one of our forum discussions, this goes a far way to explaining just why it would be such an additional betrayal. However, what if the true theme of this isnââ¬â¢t women themselves, but /sin/? Initially, the two wives, as well as the slaves, all sin by their moral codes, and theyââ¬â¢re punished for it, no less and no more than God has in the stories of their religions. Then things get a bit interesting. The two brothers go out to try and find someone who has a worse situation then they do, so that they may recover and be able to return to the kingdom. They do not find and speak to another man who has been betrayed, however, they find the betrayer instead. But there is a twist. They find a woman yes, but one who has been locked up and hidden by a demon, one trying to stop what God had already foreordained. They cry out ââ¬Å"O God, O God! There is no power and no strength, save in God the Almighty, the Magnificent. Great is womenââ¬â¢s cunning.â⬠A strangely positive thing to say about the women who are being written about in such a negative light. From this tail, they return to the castle, as they said they would, but the king Shahrayar
Friday, May 15, 2020
Defining Functional Internal Communication Systems And...
Globalization is becoming more universal in business as corporations transform from national to multinational enterprises and are transcontinentally located. However, large multinational corporations face a number of challenges, including try to create functional internal communication system and integrating employees work styles various cultures. The authors of the article, professor Leonardi and professor Rodriguez-Lluesma investigated that occupational stereotypes and perceived status differentials play important roles in global workplace interactions. Occupational stereotypes Theoretically, stereotypes are used for filtering, organizing, and remembering information and they are generated in society by a variety of sources. According to the study, researchers chose a particular circumstance, which is occupational stereotypes occur when individuals work on the same position, but they are from different cultures. Interviews conducted with engineers from Mexico, the US, and India in the Mexico Center of International Automobile Corporation and identified several affects. First of all, researchers who focus on stereotypes affect concluded that Mexican and the US engineers both questioned about each others stereotyped work style. Stereotyped work style transpires when individuals possess to a high ability (adequate information) and high motivation (due to the objectââ¬â¢s self relevance). Likewise, ability and motivation can determine how people process information andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Sodexho HC Consultant Report7105 Words à |à 29 Pagesgreate r bargaining power which means less loyalty to SHC. 10. Public sector clients have been late in making payments or not pay at all. Improving Cash flow is a high priority and Sodexho HC is trying to develop direct payment systems for better cash flow. 11. Hospital employees are an essential service however they are becoming a scarce resource. Visitors to the hospitals are becoming increasingly important, hospital reception service and round-the-clock food availability becomes particularly importantRead MoreTeam Leadership, Team Building and Transactional Analysis as Tools of Organisational Development and Change6396 Words à |à 26 Pages.................. 5 The four layers or steps in the Team Leadership Model are: ............................................ 6 2.2 Team Leadership Function Interventions ................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Internal Relationship Functions ................................................................................ 6 2.2.3 External Environmental Functions ........................................................................... 7 3.0 TEAMWORK .........Read MoreOrganizational Communication : An Organization2549 Words à |à 11 PagesOrganizational Commu nications Organizational pollution is the process by which tasks and activities of a company or an organization are collected and coordinated in such a way that it will enhance the attainment of goals the collective group and an individual (Katherine Miller. 1999). Itââ¬â¢s a component of effective management in a working environment. Organizational communication is a field of its own whereby it considers, analyzes, and criticizes on the role and responsibility of communication from an organizationalRead MoreSuccession Planning in the Hospitality Industry4236 Words à |à 17 Pagesthe presence of 3 job features (essentially features that sought by professionals who are engaged in protean careers) will influence attrition intent at the organisational and industry level. Essentially, these 3 job features are: * Meaningful work that is intrinsically challenging where professionals are enabled with opportunities to learn and grow and apply new knowledge (Hall 2002) * Learning-oriented relationships with colleagues, supervisors and clients that are reciprocal so that professionalsRead MoreManagement Theory Practice16081 Words à |à 65 Pagesoriented â⬠¢ Managers always make decisions Employees participate in decision Making â⬠¢ Rule oriented Customer oriented â⬠¢ Relatively homogeneous workforce Diverse workforce â⬠¢ Workdays defined as 9 to 5 Workdays have no time boundaries â⬠¢ Hierarchical relationships Lateral networked relationships â⬠¢ Work at organisational facility Work anywhere, anytime during specific hours Read MoreLeading Change Paper8284 Words à |à 34 PagesUniversity of Phoenix A manager needs to understand the interdependency of departments, internal partnerships, and the influence of power and politics to effectively manage across the organization. Effective managers use various political tactics to increase their power within the organization to coordinate and support the work of their peers and subordinates to meet company objectives. Managers regularly acquire and use power. Power-oriented behavior has an impact on managerial career progressRead MoreNature of Strategic Management13243 Words à |à 53 PagesManagement Comparing Business and Military Strategy The Nature of Global Competition CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 1. Describe the strategic-management process. 2. Explain the need for integrating analysis and intuition in strategic management. 3. Define and give examples of key terms in strategic management. 4. Discuss the nature of strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation activities. 5. Describe the benefits of good strategicRead MoreManagement Control Systems Pdf115000 Words à |à 460 PagesManagement Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI UNIVERSITY S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI Center for Management Research Road # 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad ââ¬â 500 034 S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 ïâºâ¢ The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India, January 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheetRead MoreExplain the Concept of Career in the Context of Career Development Perspective. Discuss Various Individuals and Organisational Strategies for Career Development4014 Words à |à 17 PagesTRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 20TH BATCH TAKE HOME EXAMINATION QUESTION 1: Explain the Concept of Career in the Context of Career Development Perspective. Discuss Various Individuals and Organisational Strategies for Career Development Career development represents the entire sequence of activities and events related to an individualââ¬â¢s career (1). It involves managing ones career either within or between organizations (2). It also refers to the lifelong process of getting ready to choose, choosingRead MoreDIFFERENT APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT4510 Words à |à 19 Pages DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT Management was influenced by various disciplines like sociology, economics, political science, anthropology, psychology, and even literature. Due to such multidisciplinary influences, even authors like Harold Koontz (1961) referred to management as a ââ¬Ëjungleââ¬â¢. Even then, differences exist in the classification of approaches. Although one of the ways to classify management approaches is from the analysis of John G. Hutchinson (1971), which considers
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Accounting as a Language of Business - 6003 Words
1. Define accounting? Answer to the Question no. 1 Definition of Accounting: ââ¬Å"Accounting is an information system that identifies, records and communicates the economic events of an organization to interested users.â⬠ââ¬âKieso, Weygandt, Kimmel-Accounting Principles. ââ¬Å"Accounting refers to the process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by users of the information.â⬠ââ¬âThe American Accounting Association. ââ¬Å"Accountancy may be defined as the collection, compilation and systematic recording of business transactions of money, the preparation of financial reports, the analysis and interpretation of these reports and the useâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The users include the following: âž ¢ Short-term creditors âž ¢ Long-term creditors âž ¢ Present investors âž ¢ Potential investors âž ¢ Employeesââ¬â¢ groups âž ¢ Management âž ¢ General public âž ¢ Tax authorities 6. Assist Management: Accounting assists management in planning and controlling business activities and in taking decisions. For example, projected cash flow statement facilitates management to know future receipts and payments and to take decision regarding anticipated surplus or shortage of funds. 7. Facilitates a Comparative Study: 1. Accounting facilitates a comparative study in the following four ways: a) Comparison of actual figures with standard or budgeted figures for the same period and for the same firm. b) Comparison of actual figures of a period with those of another period for the same firm, i.e., intra-firm comparison. c) Comparison of actual figures of a firm with those of another standard firm belonging to the same industry, i.e., inter-firm comparison. d) Comparison of actual figures of a firm with those of industry to which the firm belongs, i.e., pattern comparison. 8. Facilitates Control over Assets: Accounting facilitates control over assets by providing informationShow MoreRelatedAccounting Is The Language Of Business1286 Words à |à 6 PagesAccounting is a major that teaches the language of business, it opens doors to the business world all over the globe, the possibilities with a accounting major is endless in the business field. Whether you want to run your own business or become a certified public accountant majoring in accounting gives you the establishment. A major plus in having a career in business is the flexibility it offers. Many businessmen can make their own hours and handle their business at the comfort of their own homeRead MoreAccounting : The Language Of Business913 Words à |à 4 Pagesto Gaspar (2014), accounting can be viewed as ââ¬Å"the language of businessâ⬠as it records, summarizes and reports the financial activities and events of a business. The information that is generated from accounting is used by people to make important decision s, such as managers, stockholders, potential investors, and creditors. The income statement, balance sheet, statement of retained earnings and statement of cash flows are the most important reports generated by the accounting information systemRead MoreAccounting Is The Language Of Business4305 Words à |à 18 PagesIntroduction Accounting is the language of business. It is a profession that is being guided by principles, concepts, conventions, laws, etc. All these fundamental building blocks serve as common and general compasses to all practitioners of the profession. In some cases, they are nation-wide tailored, while in other cases, they are universally tailored. Accounting as a living, practical, dynamic and realistic profession covers so many areas of social, economic (business), and governmental activitiesRead MoreAccounting Is Dubbed ââ¬Å"Languageâ⬠of Business Activities1153 Words à |à 5 Pagesobjectives of business -----ââ¬ËAccounting is dubbed ââ¬Å"languageâ⬠of business activities conducted by firms as it is used to communicate business transactions per se to all stakeholdersââ¬â¢ According to Weygand, Kieso and Kimmel (2012, p.4), the main purpose of accounting is consists of three basic activities, identifying, recording and communicating the business events by users. These three activities help the firm to operate the business to make decision be meaningful. Business hasRead MoreHow Accounting Is Regarded As The Language Of Business1871 Words à |à 8 PagesAccounting is regarded as the language of business to most of us . Who are the main users of this old ancient financial language and what do they look for and why do they look for these things? People interested in this language are normally looking for information where its creditors, bankers, financial analyst or even your good old fashion accountants. Preparing an income statement is not easy task I can become an integral part of communicating through numbers and explaining the financial transactionsRead MoreLanguage And Accounting Share Similarities1338 Words à |à 6 PagesLanguage and accounting share similarities. Language has its own set of grammatical rules. Similarly accounting has its own symbols. Bloomfield (2008, p. 433) recognised that people communicate through written natural languages by selecting words from a standard vocabulary according to the rules of grammar, then organizing those words into sentences according to the rules of syntax and style. People communicate through accounting reports by selecting accounts from a standard vocabulary, combiningRead MoreWhat are the disadvantages of moving toward a set of global standards and what barriers need to be overcome to achieve the goal of standardization1104 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿Much of the world is moving toward a common set of global accounting standards. Discuss the benefits of having one set of accounting and financial reporting standards around the world, with particular reference to investors and multinational firms. What are the disadvantages of moving toward a set of global standards and what bar riers need to be overcome to achieve the goal of standardization? (ESSAY) As people need to speak the same language to understand each other while talking, participants onRead MoreAccounting Career Goals Essay1552 Words à |à 7 Pagesthat I will have competitors. In this competitive business world, understanding what is truly valuable to me is a major step towards achieving my goal. My strengths are my languages, technology skills, education, work ethic and the ability to follow directions. My weaknesses are communication skill, lack of U.S culture and working experience. Increasing job demand, globalization and accountant role expanding are three major opportunities in accounting field. Information technology, uncertainty of recessionRead MoreLanguage and Culture in Business Essay881 Words à |à 4 PagesAn article in the South Florida Business Journal on How Cultural, Language Differences Affect Business, explains the miscommunication in language and cultural in business transactions. And the article supports its statement by using real life examples . One example is the United States Latin American business endeavors which discovered that there can be a fine distinction in translations from English to Spanish or Portuguese. In the nineteen sixtyââ¬â¢s the United State government found them selfRead MoreWhy Are Accurate Financial Statements Important for Outside Business Interests1432 Words à |à 6 Pagesoutside business interests? Matt ACC 205: Principles of Accounting I Professor Kaplan Ashford University December 22, 2011 Accounting is specifically ââ¬Å"a system by which economic information is identified, recorded, summarized and reported for the use of decision makersâ⬠; however, accounting involves interpretation and analyzing of all financial information, including taxing, personal financial information and investment (Alba, Bathija, Thonton, 2005). Accounting is defined
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Market Structure and Innovation Policies
Question: Discuss about the Market Structure and Innovation Policies. Answer: Introduction The topic chosen for this discussion is the monopoly market structure. The article selected to held delve deep into this topic is entitled uber replaces one monopoly with another The article sought to explain how Uber was compelled to avail its reasons for dumping the drivers (Jean-Paul, David and Fanny 2016). The ride-haling service operate primarily via smartphones and remains a global economic success tale. Before, the firm was monopoly but this has shifted to a profit-making unicorn and has been valued lately at 62.5 billion dollars (Jean-Paul, David and Fanny 2016). The researcher discusses four types of market structures, perfect competition, oligopoly, monopoly and monopolistic competition markets. A monopolistic competition market structure is a situation characterized by a relative number of sellers trading in homogenous but differentiated commodities (Lin and Wu 2017). The traded products have close substitutes, and hence the firm attracts a stiffer competition. Oligopoly market structure is one where there are few number of competing interdependent firms. Monopoly refers to a market structure in which they are few sellers and many buyers. It results when there is the sole producer of a commodity with no close substitutes. In a monopoly market structure, the firms have market power with little competition. The firm are price makers and hence restrict output while charging the prices above the Marginal Cost; that is, PMC as shown in the diagram. Firms, therefore, produce at MC=MR but charges at AR (demand curve). On the other hand, in Perfect competition market, the firms demand curve is horizontal. Hence, firms are price takers at produce and sell where P=MR=MC=AR. The only condition is that firms maximize their revenue by producing more goods (7000 as shown in the market) where the slope of the MC curve is positive. With respect to Monopolistic competition, there is a similarity to that of a monopoly as they produce at MC=MR and hence charges at PMC. Oligopolistic market have a kinked demand curve which leads to price rigidities. The prices cannot be changed as firms compete stiffly, charging a higher prices leads to a reduction in quantity and hence consumer shift to substitutes from the rival firms and lowering leads to an increase in quantity in the short run and a decrease in the long term hence rigidity in prices but competes in terms of warranties, gifts, quality, advertising, discounts and after-sales services to increase sale. Allocative efficiency is based on determining how resources are utilized in production of the combination of commodities that are basic to the society. On the other hand, productivity efficiency is focused on minimization of the costs incurred on production of goods and services required by the consumers. Therefore, economic efficiency entails producing the right (allocative) amount in the right manner (productive efficiency). Under perfect competition, productive efficiency is achieved in the long run where the equilibrium price= minimum average total cost (min ATC) and hence the firm utilizes the lease-cost technology to thrive. Allocative efficiency on the other hand occurs where price= marginal cost (P=MC) as the price measures the benefits derived by the society from marginal units of a particular goods while the marginal cost measures the sacrifice or the cost to society of the forgone goods so as to produce a particular good (Li et al. 2017). Uber, monopoly produces where MC=MR and the price charged is along the demand curve (AR) Curve. In Ubers monopoly market structure, the firms have market power with little competition. Uber is, thus, a price maker and, hence, restrict output while charging the prices above the Marginal Cost; that is, PMC as shown in the diagram. Firms, therefore, produce at MC=MR but charges at AR (demand curve). Uber as a monopoly firm cannot achieve productive efficiency because it produces at an output much less than that of min ATC. The X-inefficiency is due to lack of competitive pressure to make Uber operate at the minimum possible costs. In addition, the Uber does not achieve Allocative efficiency because the price (the value consumers attach to Ubers services) charged is above the Marginal Cost (opportunity cost) hence, the condition of P=MC is violated by Uber (Horan 2017). The firms have two options based on increasing or decreasing prices that are ultimately rigid. An increase in prices leads to a loss of customers to rival as the upper part of demand curve is more elastic than that below the kink. If the firm decrease the prices, sales rises, but it is a short run as businesses in the industry follow suit to cut prices (Horan 2017). In case the follower mostly reduces the price, the leader suffers due to decreased sales hence the companies avoid cutting prices and sell their commodities at the prevailing market prices. Conclusion The paper has discussed 3 market structures; monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. Each market structure has distinct features based on the number of firms and buyers, price and output determination, goods sold. The paper has uncovered that economic inefficiency in monopoly market and economic efficiency in perfect competition (Evens 2017). References Evens, T., 2017. Market Structure and Innovation Policies in Belgium. In Innovation Policies in the European News Media Industry (pp. 25-36). Springer International Publishing. Horan, H., 2017. Will The Growth of Uber Increase Economic Welfare?. Jean-Paul, G., David, C. and Fanny,. T., 2016. Uber Replaces One Monopoly With Another. The Sydeny Morning Herald, pp. 1-3. Li, Y., Nie, D., Zhao, X. and Li, Y., 2017. Market structure and performance: An empirical study of the Chinese solar cell industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, pp.78-82. Lin, Z. and Wu, Z., 2017. A Model of Platform Competition in Sharing Economy. Lucchi, N., Ots, M. and Ohlsson, J., 2017. Market Structure and Innovation Policies in Sweden. In Innovation Policies in the European News Media Industry (pp. 191-203). Springer International Publishing. Schneider, H., 2017. The Market Process and Uber. In Uber (pp. 29-54). Springer International Publishing.
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