Structural Empowerment Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Auxiliary Empowerment Paper - Case Study Example Being the leader of Southern Cross Enterprise, Ted’s work includes making the organization productive and trustworthy in its industry. With today’s ever-changing business condition, pioneers have various jobs that they are relied upon to perform extraordinarily (Meindl and Shamir, 2007). Their adequacy in satisfying these jobs means the accomplishment of their associations. The jobs are general as each pioneer is relied upon to satisfy them in spite of the nature or size of their association (Hiller, Day and Vance, 2006). The most essential job a pioneer has is that of viably conveying to their subordinates. Viable correspondence, from the top, guarantees that the association runs easily (Arkebauer and Miller, 1999). Ted, as the leader of Southern Cross Enterprise, comes up short in his job as the communicator of his firm. As per the article, Ted coexists with his subordinates however infrequently invests energy with them. Generally, Ted is in his office investigating about the company’s market and its rivals. His inability to effectively associate is obvious by the propensity of unrests happening in the association. A pioneer, as a communicator, ought to have the option to contact his staff and different partners (Firestone, 1996). Ted ought to urge his representatives to trade data for effective running of activities. To determine this issue, Ted ought to receive an open, fair and proper methods for speaking with his subordinates (Eagly and Johnson, 1990). He should plan meet-ups, other than the company’s yearly cookout, to communicate with his workers. By receiving open correspondence, Ted may have the option to determine the pressure among his laborers. Pioneers, in their associations, embrace the job of vital masterminds so as to control the organization to gainfulness. Ted as the pioneer of his organization is doing a genuinely great job given his organization is beneficial right now. He explores about the patterns in the wine making industry to increase a

Environmental Impact of Prescribed burning in the United States Essay Example for Free

Ecological Impact of Prescribed consuming in the United States Essay The term endorsed consuming alludes to an administration practice in which fire is utilized to consume a foreordained territory under determined natural conditions.â Burning for this situation is utilized as an administration instrument in zones that are helpless against bursting into flames because of the ground spread that goes about as fuel load. Furthermore, consuming is viewed as the most earth amicable and least expensive strategy for having woody development in a biological system controlled.â Prescribed consuming in the United States is normal. In this type of consuming, controlled flames are utilized to consume a predefined land zone after appropriate arranging which guarantees that the current climate conditions are ideal for the consuming. At the point when climate conditions are not appropriate for the consume, negative effect of the fire in the consumed regions is probably going to be seen (Dale et al, 2009).â In the United States, endorsed consuming is viewed as a significant administration device because of the advantages related with it.â Both the landowners and the United States National Forest System have been utilizing recommended consuming for a long time. As per the United States fire arrangement according to the timberland biological system, there is have to embrace endorsed consuming so as to upgrade the development of business backwoods, forestall fierce blaze harm and to improve fire subordinate ecosystems.â However, recommended consuming has been censured for its negative effect on the earth. For example, endorsed copying results to the freeing from land or utilization of land for farming exercises that effectsly affect the environment.â In this paper, the effect of recommended copying on nature in the United States will be discussed.â The paper will concentrate on the impact of recommended copying ashore after it is cleared by recommended fires.â Land clearing that outcomes from the copying impacts contrarily on the vegetation, soil, water and biodiversity. Postulation In the United States recommended consuming is made vital by the conditions in the woods environments or farms. The consuming targets forestalling out of control fires that can harm appropriately or lead to death of the individuals if the fuel load on the ground supports wild fires.â likewise, the United States national woodland framework embraces endorsed consuming exercises because of the natural advantages that consuming provides for the forests.â The national backwoods framework partners recommended consuming to the decrease of out of control fire perils, land improvement, game living space upgrade, creepy crawly and illness the board and site groundwork for reforestation (Biswell, 1999). Instances of regions that have experienced recommended consuming exercises incorporate the California wild terrains, Florida Flatwoods and the Southern eastern US National Forest.â It is critical to understand that albeit endorsed consuming in these regions has its advantages to the biological system and the individuals; it likewise impacts contrarily on the earth after some time. Negative natural effect of endorsed consuming happens notwithstanding the way that recommended consuming is arranged in a way that limits negative impacts of consuming on the environment.â This has made the issue of endorsed consuming to turn into a subject of discussion in the nation .While some think about recommended copying to diminish negative effect of fierce blazes on the earth, copying can likewise affect contrarily on the environment.â Land clearing that outcome from the copying has negative impact on the earth. Conversation Negative effect of Prescribed consuming on vegetation in the wake of freeing from land Recommended consuming outcomes to the freeing from land in a foreordained region as the fire consumes the fuel load.â The consuming has both circuitous and direct negative impacts after land clearing by the fire.â Land clearing thus effectsly affects the vegetation, water, soil and untamed life. The negative effect of endorsed consuming in the United States has been seen in certain zones on the grounds that recommended consuming has become a significant movement in the nation. Consistently, a huge number of hectares are scorched. Albeit different techniques for consuming are utilized consume the vegetation spread in the foreordained zones, fires wreck the current vegetation by either harming or murdering the whole plant or parts of the plant.â This relies upon the span that the fire consumes or the force of the fire.â Prescribed consuming dependent on the cut decrease strategy results to the decrease of flotsam and jetsam. This technique is additionally used to lessen flotsam and jetsam if there should be an occurrence of a characteristic occasion or street construction.â When the board touched off fire is utilized, the consuming of a stand that has been built up is done while guaranteeing that fire doesn't spread past the foreordained territory. While little trees are totally singed during the consuming, bigger trees may endure the flames yet a portion of their trees might be destroyed.â When flames are touched off, the consuming backwoods energizes increment the temperatures which make it hard for the vegetation to endure. Since with regards to consuming the temperature of the vegetation and that of the air are significant, individuals who have the obligation to light flames ought to do it when the air and vegetation temperatures can't support fires that can effectsly affect the environment.â For example, endorsed fires in the United States during winter top murder the hard woods while hardwood rootstocks are executed by summer consumes. In zones where consuming has not been accomplished for a long-lasting, profound natural layer that gathers during endorsed consuming prompts the cambial harm of trees. Since just little warmth is required to wreck the plant cells in developing plants, consuming the vegetation executes developing plants. This prompts the short and long haul pulverization of the vegetation which after some time opens land to changes that sway contrarily on the great states of the earth. One present moment and long haul effect of endorsed consuming in the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National stops in the United States is the adjustment in species arrangement (Mary Berth, 2000).â This change modifies legitimate working of the environment since it prompts the development of new species while those that prior existed and are not open minded to fire before the fire neglect to recover. These two parks are situated in California’s South Nevada areas.â The parks spread around 864, 383 sections of land of land and endorsed consuming in these two parks was made essential by the craving to start biological advantages in the parks.â The two parks recommended fire programs were created in 1969 and keeps on being actualized so as to lessen fuel danger issue that may result from substantial surface fuel loads.â Though the flames have been utilized to decrease the harm that may result from extreme fierce blazes, change in species structure because of the freeing from land by flames has throughout the years been seen in the parks. Flames have constrained the development of species that are not open minded to the fire lighted over a long time.â For example, the expansion in relative thickness of the mammoth Sequoia because of endorsed fires over quite a while has modified the development and endurance of some other plant species.â The fruitful fire systems reclamation in the parks has supported the recovery of the species that are fire-adjusted to the detriment of the species that are less-adjusted to fire.â The decrease of fuel load and the rebuilding of timberland structure after the flames modify the number and example of development of plant species.â The parks have conifer backwoods overwhelmed by the sequoia species. The adjustment in the species number in a timberland biological system influences the correct working of the characteristic environment and this may prompt uncovered ground and soil disintegration when plants and creatures that advance legitimate working of the environment are disposed of from the earth. In biologically touchy living spaces in the United States, recommended fires have effectsly affected the recovery and endurance of plant species.â For instance, the riparian regions in a woods system.â An investigation did to decide the impact of endorsed fire on the riparian territories in the Dark Canyon region demonstrated that the fire expended 90 percent of the ground fuel, 79 percent of the riparian zone pre-fire fuel, and 34 percent of the all out surface fuel.â The fire fundamentally diminished the rate front of the surface vegetation (Beche et al, 2005). When contrasted with the unburned territories, the consumed territory indicated an adjustment in the plant taxa lavishness after the recovery of vegetation.â The decrease in plant taxa spread and extravagance changed the under story riparian vegetation network structure. These progressions show that when a region encounters recommended consuming for quite a while, vanishing of certain species can prompt decrease in the level of vegetative spread. In the California Oak forests, the Native Americans utilized fire to have the Oak forest vegetation altered.â Prescribed flames are considered to lessen the under story woody vegetation and have the tree thickness is lowered.â After the flames, recovery may result to development of vegetation in patches.â Since the settlement of Euro-Americans in the zone, endorsed fire touched off in an environment to make land for domesticated animals farms has evacuated the vegetation spread and rather promising the development of plant species that are useful for scavenge creation. The woody vegetation in the zone has been affected.Eventually, diminished vegetation spread has made it simple for soil to be presented to either wind or downpour erosion.Prescribed fires in Oregon’s Mixed †conifer backwoods of Crater Lake throughout the years have changed species organization by executing species that are not fireproof while giving ideal conditions to the recovery of heat proof species (Agee, 2003).â The Crater Lake National park has in

A Good Place To Look For Your Need For One On One Tutoring

A Good Place To Look For Your Need For One On One TutoringThesis help is something that you can look for. You may have heard people say that you need it, but you probably did not think that it was something that you needed.You can do an internet search for this topic and find many websites that will have all the information that you want. This can be very helpful. I know that for me, it gave me the piece of mind that I was doing the right thing and did not waste my time by trying to solve the problem on my own.In fact, when you are looking for help, you want to make sure that you are getting as much help as possible. In the end, it could be more beneficial to you if someone else is there to help you with the problems. And not just in the physical sense either.There are many different ways that a student can get help from tutors. One of the first places to look is the library. Yes, the library can be a great place to find help in any number of different areas.Now, when you get the rig ht kind of help that works for you, it can really pay off. If you are a terrible writer and you want to write something, then your only choice is to go ahead and hire someone to help you out. It really does pay off for you.If you want to help in other areas of your life, then you should be looking for thesis help from friends and family. There are many things that people that are in your life can do to help you. Sometimes it is best to hear it from someone that knows you better than anyone else.Other times, it is okay to just ask your teachers or professors for some help with schoolwork. This can be important, especially if your professor is having a hard time with a topic. With this, you can also gain valuable knowledge from them as well.If you are not happy with what is going on in your life and in your school, then you should seek help from others that can offer the answers to your questions. It can be a good idea to look around and see what is available before you decide to go t hrough with trying to fix things on your own. After all, the longer you are unhappy, the harder it is to fix things.

Comparing A Thousand And One Nights - 1266 Words

I would like to disclaim this with the statement that I had a slightly difficult time reading through some of the themes of A Thousand and One Nights, for personal reasons somewhat related. That being said, I did my absolute best to go through it still with an analytical eye and a mind hopefully still open enough to see both sides. Any casual reading through A Thousand and One Nights makes it clear that there’s some negative themes present. While both male and female characters are portrayed as evil, flawed, and sinful, women seem to be most definitely painted in the worse light. The entire story begins /because/ the brother’s wives cheat on them; first Shahzaman, then Shahrayar. Letting this be the idea that starts everything does cast†¦show more content†¦Additionally, it can be argued that they’ve also betrayed their country, by betraying the rulers of them. Shahrayar is described with His power reached the remotest corners of the land and its people, so that the country was loyal to him, and his subjects obeyed him. (1176) As Savanna Conner commented in one of our forum discussions, this goes a far way to explaining just why it would be such an additional betrayal. However, what if the true theme of this isn’t women themselves, but /sin/? Initially, the two wives, as well as the slaves, all sin by their moral codes, and they’re punished for it, no less and no more than God has in the stories of their religions. Then things get a bit interesting. The two brothers go out to try and find someone who has a worse situation then they do, so that they may recover and be able to return to the kingdom. They do not find and speak to another man who has been betrayed, however, they find the betrayer instead. But there is a twist. They find a woman yes, but one who has been locked up and hidden by a demon, one trying to stop what God had already foreordained. They cry out â€Å"O God, O God! There is no power and no strength, save in God the Almighty, the Magnificent. Great is women’s cunning.† A strangely positive thing to say about the women who are being written about in such a negative light. From this tail, they return to the castle, as they said they would, but the king Shahrayar

Defining Functional Internal Communication Systems And...

Globalization is becoming more universal in business as corporations transform from national to multinational enterprises and are transcontinentally located. However, large multinational corporations face a number of challenges, including try to create functional internal communication system and integrating employees work styles various cultures. The authors of the article, professor Leonardi and professor Rodriguez-Lluesma investigated that occupational stereotypes and perceived status differentials play important roles in global workplace interactions. Occupational stereotypes Theoretically, stereotypes are used for filtering, organizing, and remembering information and they are generated in society by a variety of sources. According to the study, researchers chose a particular circumstance, which is occupational stereotypes occur when individuals work on the same position, but they are from different cultures. Interviews conducted with engineers from Mexico, the US, and India in the Mexico Center of International Automobile Corporation and identified several affects. First of all, researchers who focus on stereotypes affect concluded that Mexican and the US engineers both questioned about each others stereotyped work style. Stereotyped work style transpires when individuals possess to a high ability (adequate information) and high motivation (due to the object’s self relevance). Likewise, ability and motivation can determine how people process information andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Sodexho HC Consultant Report7105 Words   |  29 Pagesgreate r bargaining power which means less loyalty to SHC. 10. Public sector clients have been late in making payments or not pay at all. Improving Cash flow is a high priority and Sodexho HC is trying to develop direct payment systems for better cash flow. 11. Hospital employees are an essential service however they are becoming a scarce resource. 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Accounting as a Language of Business - 6003 Words

1. Define accounting? Answer to the Question no. 1 Definition of Accounting: â€Å"Accounting is an information system that identifies, records and communicates the economic events of an organization to interested users.† —Kieso, Weygandt, Kimmel-Accounting Principles. â€Å"Accounting refers to the process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by users of the information.† —The American Accounting Association. â€Å"Accountancy may be defined as the collection, compilation and systematic recording of business transactions of money, the preparation of financial reports, the analysis and interpretation of these reports and the use†¦show more content†¦The users include the following: âž ¢ Short-term creditors âž ¢ Long-term creditors âž ¢ Present investors âž ¢ Potential investors âž ¢ Employees’ groups âž ¢ Management âž ¢ General public âž ¢ Tax authorities 6. Assist Management: Accounting assists management in planning and controlling business activities and in taking decisions. For example, projected cash flow statement facilitates management to know future receipts and payments and to take decision regarding anticipated surplus or shortage of funds. 7. Facilitates a Comparative Study: 1. Accounting facilitates a comparative study in the following four ways: a) Comparison of actual figures with standard or budgeted figures for the same period and for the same firm. b) Comparison of actual figures of a period with those of another period for the same firm, i.e., intra-firm comparison. c) Comparison of actual figures of a firm with those of another standard firm belonging to the same industry, i.e., inter-firm comparison. d) Comparison of actual figures of a firm with those of industry to which the firm belongs, i.e., pattern comparison. 8. 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Market Structure and Innovation Policies

Question: Discuss about the Market Structure and Innovation Policies. Answer: Introduction The topic chosen for this discussion is the monopoly market structure. The article selected to held delve deep into this topic is entitled uber replaces one monopoly with another The article sought to explain how Uber was compelled to avail its reasons for dumping the drivers (Jean-Paul, David and Fanny 2016). The ride-haling service operate primarily via smartphones and remains a global economic success tale. Before, the firm was monopoly but this has shifted to a profit-making unicorn and has been valued lately at 62.5 billion dollars (Jean-Paul, David and Fanny 2016). The researcher discusses four types of market structures, perfect competition, oligopoly, monopoly and monopolistic competition markets. A monopolistic competition market structure is a situation characterized by a relative number of sellers trading in homogenous but differentiated commodities (Lin and Wu 2017). The traded products have close substitutes, and hence the firm attracts a stiffer competition. Oligopoly market structure is one where there are few number of competing interdependent firms. Monopoly refers to a market structure in which they are few sellers and many buyers. It results when there is the sole producer of a commodity with no close substitutes. In a monopoly market structure, the firms have market power with little competition. The firm are price makers and hence restrict output while charging the prices above the Marginal Cost; that is, PMC as shown in the diagram. Firms, therefore, produce at MC=MR but charges at AR (demand curve). On the other hand, in Perfect competition market, the firms demand curve is horizontal. Hence, firms are price takers at produce and sell where P=MR=MC=AR. The only condition is that firms maximize their revenue by producing more goods (7000 as shown in the market) where the slope of the MC curve is positive. With respect to Monopolistic competition, there is a similarity to that of a monopoly as they produce at MC=MR and hence charges at PMC. Oligopolistic market have a kinked demand curve which leads to price rigidities. The prices cannot be changed as firms compete stiffly, charging a higher prices leads to a reduction in quantity and hence consumer shift to substitutes from the rival firms and lowering leads to an increase in quantity in the short run and a decrease in the long term hence rigidity in prices but competes in terms of warranties, gifts, quality, advertising, discounts and after-sales services to increase sale. Allocative efficiency is based on determining how resources are utilized in production of the combination of commodities that are basic to the society. On the other hand, productivity efficiency is focused on minimization of the costs incurred on production of goods and services required by the consumers. Therefore, economic efficiency entails producing the right (allocative) amount in the right manner (productive efficiency). Under perfect competition, productive efficiency is achieved in the long run where the equilibrium price= minimum average total cost (min ATC) and hence the firm utilizes the lease-cost technology to thrive. Allocative efficiency on the other hand occurs where price= marginal cost (P=MC) as the price measures the benefits derived by the society from marginal units of a particular goods while the marginal cost measures the sacrifice or the cost to society of the forgone goods so as to produce a particular good (Li et al. 2017). Uber, monopoly produces where MC=MR and the price charged is along the demand curve (AR) Curve. In Ubers monopoly market structure, the firms have market power with little competition. Uber is, thus, a price maker and, hence, restrict output while charging the prices above the Marginal Cost; that is, PMC as shown in the diagram. Firms, therefore, produce at MC=MR but charges at AR (demand curve). Uber as a monopoly firm cannot achieve productive efficiency because it produces at an output much less than that of min ATC. The X-inefficiency is due to lack of competitive pressure to make Uber operate at the minimum possible costs. In addition, the Uber does not achieve Allocative efficiency because the price (the value consumers attach to Ubers services) charged is above the Marginal Cost (opportunity cost) hence, the condition of P=MC is violated by Uber (Horan 2017). The firms have two options based on increasing or decreasing prices that are ultimately rigid. An increase in prices leads to a loss of customers to rival as the upper part of demand curve is more elastic than that below the kink. If the firm decrease the prices, sales rises, but it is a short run as businesses in the industry follow suit to cut prices (Horan 2017). In case the follower mostly reduces the price, the leader suffers due to decreased sales hence the companies avoid cutting prices and sell their commodities at the prevailing market prices. Conclusion The paper has discussed 3 market structures; monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. Each market structure has distinct features based on the number of firms and buyers, price and output determination, goods sold. The paper has uncovered that economic inefficiency in monopoly market and economic efficiency in perfect competition (Evens 2017). References Evens, T., 2017. Market Structure and Innovation Policies in Belgium. In Innovation Policies in the European News Media Industry (pp. 25-36). Springer International Publishing. Horan, H., 2017. Will The Growth of Uber Increase Economic Welfare?. Jean-Paul, G., David, C. and Fanny,. T., 2016. Uber Replaces One Monopoly With Another. The Sydeny Morning Herald, pp. 1-3. Li, Y., Nie, D., Zhao, X. and Li, Y., 2017. Market structure and performance: An empirical study of the Chinese solar cell industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, pp.78-82. Lin, Z. and Wu, Z., 2017. A Model of Platform Competition in Sharing Economy. Lucchi, N., Ots, M. and Ohlsson, J., 2017. Market Structure and Innovation Policies in Sweden. In Innovation Policies in the European News Media Industry (pp. 191-203). Springer International Publishing. Schneider, H., 2017. The Market Process and Uber. In Uber (pp. 29-54). Springer International Publishing.

Plot Summary Essays - Othello, Iago, Michael Cassio, Emilia

Plot Summary Iago is passed over for a promotion by his commander, Othello, a Moor and a general in the service of Venice, and vows revenge. Othello has just married Desdemona, the daughter of Brabantio, a Venetian Senator, and Iago enlists the aid of Roderigo, a rejected suitor, to tell Desdemona's father about the marriage. Brabantio goes to seize his daughter, but is interrupted by news of a Turkish attack on Cyprus. The Duke and the Senate convene, and after hearing Desdemona and Othello testify to their love for one another, they allow her to accompany him to Cyprus, which he will defend against the Turks. Iago, whom Othello regards as honest and trustworthy, is given charge of Desdemona on the journey. At Cyprus, Iago has Roderigo start a brawl, in which Cassio, Othello's lieutenant, wounds another man. Othello strips Cassio of his command, and Cassio goes to Desdemona to ask her to convince her husband to reinstate him. Iago, meanwhile, sets about convincing Othello that Desdemona has been unfaithful to him{with Cassio. Through innuendo and pretended hon- esty, Iago makes Othello almost mad with jealousy, until the Moor names him his lieutenant and makes Iago promise to help him kill Cassio and Des-demona. Desdemona has lost a handkerchief that Othello gave her as a love-token, and Emilia, Iago's wife, _nds it and gives it to her husband. Iago plants the handkerchief in Cassio's house, and then arranges for Othello to see Cassio give it to his mistress, Bianca. Othello is now convinced that Cassio has betrayed him with Desdemona, and that Cassio is aunting his sexual conquest by giving Desdemona's handkerchief to a common whore. Othello begins abusing his wife in front of messengers from Venice, who are amazed to see this change in a man they thought to be noble. That night, Othello tells his wife to wait for him in bed and goes out to walk about the city. Iago has convinced Roderigo that if he kills Cassio, Desdemona will sleep with him, so Roderigo attacks the former lieutenant. Cassio is saved by his mail shirt and wounds Roderigo; Iago ees, stabbing Cassio as he goes. Othello, passing, hears the cries and thinks that Cassio is killed, and so returns to the castle to kill Desdemona. Meanwhile, Iago and the Venetian messengers _nd the wounded men; Iago secretly kills Roderigo and sends Emilia to the castle with news of the brawl. Othello awakens Desdemona, tells her that she must die, and strangles her. Emilia returns and _nds her mistress; Desdemona revives for a moment and then dies, saying as she passes away that Othello is innocent of her death. Her husband, however, proclaims his own guilt, and as the others return, Emilia realizes her husband's plot and exposes it. Iago, furious, stabs her and ees; he is captured, and ordered to be tortured to death. Othello, heart-stricken, makes a _nal speech in which he passes sentence on himself, and then commits suicide. He falls beside Desdemona.

The Simpsons Movie Essays

The Simpsons Movie Essays The Simpsons Movie Paper The Simpsons Movie Paper Essay Topic: Film In The Simpsons Movie, director David Silverman and his team of producers: James L. Brooks, Matt Groening, Al Jean, Mike Scully and Richard Sakai use humour to incorporate other relevant messages into the film. Three of the most important factors are environment, government and family relationships. At the beginning of the Simpsons Movie, David Silverman uses GreenDay to make the audience aware of the social issues surrounding the environment; not only because of their famous songs, but because the band name itself promotes the environment. When the band is shown singing off a barge on Lake Springfield, their main singer is just singing from a script saying Da Da again and again. David Silvermans use of humour sends a message mocking singers for singing off scripts and also implies crowds are easily pleased. However, the musical sensation is suddenly put off when he says: We have been playing for 3 and a half hours, now wed like to say something about the environment! ~Billy Joe Armstrong, GreenDay lead singer, the Simpsons Movie The crowd is then suddenly put off by the message and turns to violence. This is a cleverly made scene, due to the crowd reacting in the opposite way by throwing rubbish and pollutants at them; this makes it easier for the audience to see the contrast between both groups of society. The band then picks up violins and re-enacts the final moments of the Titanic before the barge corrodes and sinks; this humour is focused on nowadays ignorance to the environment, and makes the audience aware of not only the acidic water that is made by waste, but by the lives lost to the mistreated environment. The United States produces approximately 547 thousands of metric tonnes of household waste per annum. That is 22.2% of the worlds total emission of household waste per annum. Using the history of Titanic, the audience is also reminded of the icebergs and icecaps which are being melted due to pollution. Silverman used this scene to make the audience aware of the ignorance in American society for the environment considering the sad history of the Titanic and the terrible household waste statistics produced by America. In my opinion, this scene would have never been successful without the use of Greenday and the acidic lake, due to all the clever subconscious messages sent through the humour. Later in the movie, Lake Springfield gets so polluted that Lisa Simpson decides to take action. She runs a meeting at the town hall, where all adult members of society turn up. When she tries to describe the seriousness of the situation, people always brought up other things. Am I getting through to anyone? ~Lisa Simpson, the Simpsons Movie But someone in the audience suggests that a new scissor lift should be bought, and a vote is passed by the mayor. Silverman uses the humour in this scene to show how easily distracted society can be to the real problems. However, the mayor takes this seriously and makes everyone in the town clean up the lake. Initiate code black Mayor of Springfield, the Simpsons Movie Silverman uses the seriousness of the situation to add some humour into the scene: Black..thats the worst colour there isno offence Carl! Lenny, the Simpsons Movie This humour not only expresses the dreadful state of the environmental situation, it makes the audience aware of racism and the common use of it in everyday life, despite how sensitive the issue is not only in America, but worldwide. Using Carls cheerful attitude, Silverman turns the racism into a joke therefore not having a bad impact on the audience as it couldve. However hard the towns efforts are to restore the cleanliness of the lake, Homer Simpson dumps a silo of his pets waste in the lake in hurry for free donuts. Soon the government gets involved, and Springfield alerts the EPAs attention (environmental protection agency). Silverman uses this plot to introduce the main evil character in the Simpsons Movie. I have made you 5 easy choices ~Russ Kargel, the Simpsons Movie I pick number 3 ~President Schwarzenegger, the Simpsons Movie You dont even want to read them sir? ~Russ Kargel, the Simpsons Movie I was elected to lead, not to read ~President Schwarzenegger, the Simpsons Movie In this conversation, Arnold Schwarzenegger shows he knows a lot about being a president; however he makes the wrong choice. Choice number three results in Springfield being sealed into a dome, and all the people who live there trapped. Silverman uses this ridiculous idea of being sealed into a dome as a governmental plot. This use of comedy makes the audience think of life being trapped in 1 area, and subconsciously makes the audience grateful to be able to explore around the world. In my opinion this scene is 1 of the main climaxes of the movie due to the whole of Springfield being trapped. This also makes the audience more aware of the evil governmental plots going on around the world. This scene made me think of all the attacks on other countries such as Iraq, and that maybe they were cover-ups and misunderstandings. We pay every resident $1000 so the government can ravage our states natural beauty ~ Man who greets the Simpsons into Alaska, the Simpsons Movie In this quote, the audience is reminded of this present time; the US government says it will offer exploration right for oil and gas in a north-western region of Alaska, but environmental groups fear the effects on wildlife in the region, including the polar bear population. In my opinion, this scene works well to inform the audience well and make them more aware of the events going on in Alaska. No Lisa, its not like the government is listening to our conversation ~Marge Simpson, the Simpsons Movie Silverman cleverly uses humour, when Lisa warns her mother to talk quietly because the government may be listening looking for them. This ends up being true; the train conductor is a robot that listens in to their conversation and a government employee in the NSA (National Security Agency) tracks them down. The government actually found someone! ~NSA employee, the Simpsons Movie This statement mocks the US government for their inadequacy of being unable to find people they are looking for. Silverman cunningly uses this humour to imply that the government is spying on everyones conversation. This is makes the audience more aware of the government tapping in on conversations. I think this scene adds great humour to the movie, and is a vital part of the movie to show the evil governmental schemes. It takes real courage and leadership to make choices without knowing them ~Russ Kargel, the Simpsons Movie In this quote, Silverman uses Russ Kargel to show how persuasion is easily used politically by fusing it with pride. However, president Schwarzenegger picks number 3 again. But Russ Kargel makes the president pick Number 4 by manipulating his answer. Silverman uses humour here to show how easy the presidents words can be manipulated. Soon after the plot to destroy Springfield is confirmed, the government hires Tom Hanks to create propaganda on TV so the people of the US support the government. The US ran out of credibility, so they borrowed mine ~Tom Hanks, the Simpsons Movie In this quote Tom Hanks admits that the government are just using him as propaganda. A boy then asks Tom hanks to tussle his hair. Silverman uses this humour to show how easily pleased people are. Silverman also shows the audience how corrupt the government can make society, just by using popular figures to their advantage. I think this scene is very important in telling the audience not to always trust political figures and famous people. While all these things in the movie are going on, Silverman uses humour to show family problems and relationships with modern Americans. The Simpsons family represents an average modern American family. And during the movie, Silverman makes the family go through hard times. At the start of the movie, the Simpsons are late for church and Homer starts saying things not knowing people inside are listening: Those pious morons probably arent listening anyway ~Homer Simpson, the Simpsons Movie Silverman always makes the opposite things happen to create humour. When inside the church Homer says praise Jeebus instead of Jesus. This humour is cleverly used to show how American families go to church but arent actually religious. Inside the church, Bart Simpson starts to play a handheld game, but Maggie takes it away from him. This furthermore stresses the point through humour that American families only believe in their religion for show. Then when his neighbour Ned Flanders wants to confess, Homer crosses his fingers hoping that he is gay. This shows that the relationship between American families is very bad, and that neighbours are always saying bad things behind each others backs. This humour implies that American families dont always have good relationships. This makes the audience more aware of the life of an American family. I think this scene is very important in the film, for Bart starts to take more of a liking to Flanders than his own father. Later when Homer is doing his chores, Silverman shows Homers relationship for Flanders, when he is told to dispose of a bee hive, he jams it into Flanderss mailbox. Although Flanders is a good hearted religious neighbour, Homer doesnt like him, and always tries to cause trouble for Flanders. Silverman tries to give off the message that Americans are always trying to cause trouble with their neighbours. In my opinion, this scene is also quite important to furthermore show Homers disaffection for Flanders. When Bart and Homer have a daring contest, Homer dares Bart to skate to Krustys burger bar and back naked. This results in him being handcuffed to a pole outside the shop by police officers while they went inside and ate. Silverman shows the American police officers dont care about the fugitives, and would rather have their lunch break. The audience is made aware of these dirty police officers, and they are subconsciously made more aware of this situation in America. We all dont want to wear our clothes sometimes ~Police officer outside Krustys Burger Bar, the Simpsons Movie A police officer says this to Bart to convince him to put his clothes back on. However the officer doesnt realise that Homer dared Bart to do this. Using humour Silverman shows that American parents dont accept the consequences in what they tell their children to do. I think this scene is very important, it shows the audience how Bart slowly starts to hate his father. If you know a greasier burger than this, youre in Mexico ~Krusty the clown in advertisement, the Simpsons Movie In this quote, Krusty states that Mexico has the greasiest burgers. America is known as the spiritual home of the super-sized meal, more than 119 million adults or 64.5% of the adult population are either overweight or obese. Silverman cleverly made this scene to make the audience aware of obesity in the US. Later on, Homer grows attached to a pig he rescues, and starts to forget about his family. Silverman uses this stereotype to show how forgetful fathers can be of their own family. As Homers bond with this animal starts to strengthen, he starts to forget about the rest of his family. Silverman uses this humour to tell the audience how parents can start to forget, and favour other children/things more. Come on guys it will be really great fun, and Ive really come to like you guys ~Homer Simpson, the Simpsons Movie In this quote, it shows Homer doesnt take his family serious. In this scene Homer wants to go to Alaska, but Silverman makes it as if Homer has maybe already had a family before this, and doesnt take families serious. Also, in this scene Homer convinces them to come to Alaska by going over their wedding vows. Through this is a funny statement, Silverman informs the audience of fathers in America abandoning there families. Near the end of the movie, Homer apologises to Bart for being a bad father. Bart doesnt want to accept his apology, but when Homer mentions that he could hold the bomb, Bart forgives him. Silverman uses this humour to show how father and son are both simpleminded and alike. What a great mistake you turned out to be Maggie ~Homer Simpson In this quote, Homer confesses that Maggie was a mistake. Silverman uses this humour to show how a lot of families in general are started of as mistakes. In my opinion, this humour was very informative for the audience, but subliminally made them to think about the consequences of sex. At the end of the movie, Homer and Marge kiss in the woods riding on a motorbike. After kissing Marge says that was the best kiss of her life. But after learning many thing in his quest to save Springfield, Homer alters her words to say it was the best kiss of her life so far. Silvermans uses this moment to sum up the movie and show how Homer progresses throughout the movie. This message tells the audience to cherish what they have, and look forward to the future. Using all these different techniques such as subliminal messaging and sarcasm, this is how Silverman of the Simpsons uses humour to incorporate other relevant messages into the film. But did he mean all the messages? Or were some just a coincidence?

Cognative Development Theroy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cognative Development Theroy - Essay Example 153). These theories are mostly concerned with deciphering the manner in which individuals think as opposed to psychological theories which are concerned with assessing what they think. These theories posit that human development takes place in a pre-decided sequence, and hence is highly predictable in nature. This sequence can neither be changed nor reversed and that once the individuals reach a certain stage in their lives, the learning process doesn't regress since the process of development is described as cumulative by cognitive developmental theorists (Newman and Newman, 2011). The definition and meaning of the terms learning and development, as well as their contribution to the theories of cognitive developmental psychology have been widely debated by scholars and educational theorists over the years (Kuhn, 1995; Strauss, 1993). However, it has been established through research that the notions of learning and development as perceived by cognitive developmental theorists, are neither predetermined nor ascertained but are in fact defined and described differently based on the thoughts and perceptions of each individual theorist. B. Address two of the following major cognitive development theorists: Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner, or Thelen. ... Piaget strongly proposed the hypothesis that children are not naturally born with innate ideas about reality, as claimed by some, nor are they taught about things and situations around them by their elders. He in fact believed that the children actively observe, participate and construct meaning about things and situations around them and understand the world around them based on their experiences. He further stated that children are curious by nature and hence seek answers to their questions by generating own ideas based on their experiences, to solve problems encountered by them in their daily lives (Sigelman and Rider, 2011). Vygotsky: Lev Vygotsky, endorsed similar views as Piaget with regard to the manner in which children learn about their surroundings. Like Piaget, Vygotsky too believed that children learn about the world around them by actively participating in it and asking questions and ultimately constructing meaning and knowledge based on their experiences. However he dif fered in opinion about the manner in which children learn about complex situations, which he believed was learnt through constant interaction with the child's elders i.e. teachers or parents. His theory essentially focused on three key aspects namely; culture, language and zone of proximal development (Oakley, 2004). 1. Compare and contrast each theorist’s views on the nature or development of intelligence. According to Piaget, children learn to think in certain predetermined and recognizable stages which are dependent on natural maturation, while Vygotsky believed that the development of thinking processes in individuals is directly related to and dependent on the development of language and culture. Piaget believed that the role of external forces such

AutoCAD user guide Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

AutoCAD user guide - Assignment Example Analysis also contains how the report from the research was used to modify the document. There are statements both written and concluding, these talk about the results of the tests, lessons learnt from the study, what was yet to be learnt. And to conclude, weaknesses, shortcomings and possible application of the document is discussed. Introduction Automatic computer aided designs is a technique of producing technical engineering drawings which is typically done by the use of computers; computers are the drawing tools. AutoCAD is one of the computer software: it is an application software (off – the – shelf package) specially designed for drawing purpose. The use of AutoCAD is aimed at ensuring that the product is of high quality; neat, presentable, appealing to the observer’s eye. The drawing process should be efficient and smooth thus drawer should have easy time using his apparatus. This yields to the need for some guide for the AutoCAD user. An AutoCAD user gu ide is document which is used to document all the directives that may be required by the prospected user of AutoCAD. It therefore serves the purpose of marking the user is in a position to comfortably use the software without employing doubts in their operations. User guide, manual like document, directs the user on the steps to take during usage (Smith & Morse, 2001). Importance of a user guide is that it saves the user from employing doubts; trial and error in his operations. The user becomes very certain upon following of the given procedures and instructions and as a result he can speculate the time he needs to use or get used to the software. User guide uses graphics and symbols to pass across information and instructions. In giving directives, these graphics and symbols help create a vivid picture in the user’s mind. When properly interpreted they enhances the understanding of the user (Seidler, 2012). Therefore, user guide applies the engineering understanding of graph ics in passing across information these help summarize an idea and create visual impression. Apart from just using graphics and symbols to give directives, it also aids the understanding of such graphics and symbols through some explanations which often follow the symbols and graphs. This user guide specializes on the components of the AutoCAD and their uses and applications. All the components mentioned are discussed and their uses explained. The limitation of this document is that not all the instructions could be demonstrated through literature, graphics or even with the use of symbols. History of AutoCAD AutoCAD is software which was derived from Interact; an early version which operated on the Marinchip Systems owned by the Autodesk founders Dan Drake and John Walker. It was first released in 1982 December after John Walker had purchased the previous form of the software. In 1986, AutoCAD became the world’s most ubiquitous program for design using the microcomputers. It utilised lines and curve fittings. Today AutoCAD is used in many industries by

Federal programs Essay Example for Free

Federal programs Essay Throughout the twentieth century, Congress has established a great number of federal programs administered by agencies within the Executive Branch. Through this process of a wide-ranging allocation of authority to the executive Branch, Congress has assisted in creating a massive Federal Bureaucracy. The relationship of Congress to the Executive Branch today must therefore be seen in terms of its relation to this Bureaucracy, as well as its relation to the Presidency. In order to gain some control over the operations of the various agencies which had been established within the Executive Branch, in 1946 congress began to develop a sequence of configurations and procedures designed to manage the Administration. This process was also known as congressional oversight. There are several methods through which congressional misunderstanding operations take place: the committee process, congressional administrative offices, casework, as well as a number of administrative practices. Where the congressional oversight functions take place, there are three types of committees: authorizations committees, appropriations committees, and governmental operations committees. The first type of committee is the functional committee which initially establishes or authorizes the program or agency. In the case of a military program, this would be the Armed Services Committees in both chambers. ‘In the case of an urban program, this would be the Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs Committee in the House and the Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee in the Senate. Similarly, each program area within the Federal Bureaucracy is related to at least one specific substantive standing committee in each chamber of Congress. ’ (Issa, 2011) In attempting to follow the oversight activities through these authorization committees, a number of complications are often encountered. One of these is the result from the fact that a particular governmental agency may fall within the authority of several different practical committees or subcommittees. As a result, the agency may play ‘one committee or subcommittee against the other in order to achieve those results in Congress which tend to benefit the agency the most. (Office of The Law Revision Counsel, 2012) Another problem is that a committee which establishes a program is often too involved with the outcome of its own efforts to be willing to investigate adequately the operations of the program it has initiated. One of the most substantial places where an amount of oversight activity takes place is in the appropriations process. The budget for an agency must be approved anew each year. ’ One might assume that this yearly appropriations process would lead to a careful annual inspection of the budgets of all the various governmental agencies. (Issa, 2011) This is not the case. The federal budget is so great and compound that it is impossible to consider carefully the budget of each agency and program on a year-to-year basis. What happens instead is that budgets are often routinely approved from year to year with general reviews only occurring sporadically. In addition, many agencies develop quite close relationships with the subcommittees of the Appropriations Committees which spe cifically deal with their agency. These agencies are therefore often able to abstract some special favors from these particular appropriations subcommittees. The Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs and the House Committee on Governmental Reform were initially established to manage congressional concern over governmental processes. Thus, many see these committees as an ideal place for maintaining congressional observation over the activities of the vast Bureaucracy located within the Executive Branch. However, because of jurisdictional differences and because of the hesitancy of most representatives and senators to provide for satisfactory independent oversight activities, the efforts of these governmental operations committees have been quite restricted. The three administrative offices within Congress are used to some extent in the congressional oversight process. The General Accounting Office, The GAO has the accountability, not simply for performing accounting audits, but also for judging how various programs are being managed. In other words, the GAO often performs the task of program assessment. The GAO plays a significant role in congressional oversight. The Congressional Research Service, while preparing reports and studies to assist members of Congress, the CRS sometimes includes some information on the activities and routines of various governmental agencies. This is another important source of oversight information for members of Congress. The Congressional Budget Office gathers information on the budgets of the various governmental agencies and to report on new budgetary requirements and propositions that are made through the Executive Branchs Office of Management and Budget. Budgetary information is an extremely important source of data upon which the various congressional committees can judge the effectiveness of specific governmental programs. Granting, the information gathered by the CBO may seem to permit for substantial congressional oversight, the fact is that it is the agencies that often use this informational link for their own purposes in pursuing their requests for additional funding directly to the congressional committee, instead of directing all their communications through the OMB. This short circuits the use of the OMB as one of the Presidents management tools. Efficiency, from an overall standpoint, we can see that these three congressional offices. The General Accounting Office, the Congressional Research Services, and the Congressional Budget Office combined with the staffs of individual congresspersons and senators and the staffs of congressional committees are able to supply our national legislators with vast amounts of information and evaluations of governmental activities. ‘In fact, the United States Congress has available to it one of the most extensive research staffs of any national legislature in the world. ’ (Issa, 2011) Nevertheless, the availability of information and study alone is not sufficient for effective congressional oversight. The desire to follow through on this available information is another necessary ingredient and it is this ingredient which is often lacking. Many times congressional oversight is limited by the worries of various congressional committees and subcommittees over their particular jurisdictions and in a substantial number of instances, the burdens of organized special interests also interfere with the ability or wishes of members of Congress to significantly oversee governmental operations. Aside from these problems, there are also the boundaries of time. Congresspersons are loaded with extremely dense schedules. They have a large number of often conflicting responsibilities to perform. Representatives and senators must therefore place priorities on the use of their time. Often oversight activities lose in this shamble of priorities to legislative activities, to the creation of new programs to deal with current problems, and to casework concerns. Representatives and senators, themselves, do not usually become directly involved in much casework or fundamental services. It is their staff that deals with these matters. However, representatives and senators are usually informed by their staffs of many of these problems, and it is through these specific interactions that these legislators often get the most intense impression as to the effectiveness of many governmental programs. Casework thus provides an important source of direct, specific information which proves very useful in congressional oversight activities. Congress has also passed some major reforms and reconnoitered a number of major legislative techniques, many of which have had the effect of enlightening congressional oversight. Sunshine Laws. During the 1970s, Congress attempted to open up many facets of governmental operations to the general public. This was done through the Freedom of Information Act and the Government in Sunshine Act. By making information more broadly available to the public, these acts also increase the amount of information available to Congress. The Congressional Veto. Very often Congress passes rather broad pieces of legislation. It is then up to specific agencies to fill in the details of these laws, both with regard to the building of governmental agencies and the processes which they follow. One might note for example that while Congress passes general tax laws, the details of the regulations regarding the payment of federal taxes is to be found not in the tax law itself but rather in the Internal Revenue Code which is developed by the Internal Revenue Service, which is an executive agency. The problem that were presented by the executive agencies developing a great many regulations or codes is that the only way Congress is able to affect these details is through the passage of new legislative acts. As we have seen, this is often a burdensome and prolonged process. In order to avoid this, Congress now writes into some authorization bills requirements for a congressional veto. According to this procedure, when an agency disseminates rules filling in the details of congressional legislation, Congress automatically has the power within a specific time period to veto some of these rules and to demand that the agency fill in the details in a different way. The important thing is that Congress can do this without having to go through the process of passing a new law. Although this procedure is rarely used, it does offer the prospective for a far greater legislative control over the procedures by which the Bureaucracy operates. Sunset Legislation. In starting governmental programs or agencies, Congress usually sets no time limit on the functioning of the program or agency. Since the 1970s, a practice developed by which Congress authorizes the existence of a program or agency for only a inadequate amount of time. In other words, Congress specifies a date by which the agency or program will conclude to function. In order for the agency to continue its operations after that time, a new bill must be passed allowing its continued existence for another specified period of time. This practice is obviously intended to avert the continued existence of agencies or programs which no longer meet a legitimate need or which fail to meet a legitimate need effectively. A dissimilarity on sunset legislation is the procedure of annual authorization. According to this procedure, the continued existence of governmental agency must be approved on a year-to-year basis. While this practice obviously creates tremendous difficulties in the ability of such an agency to engage in long-term planning, it does suggestively increase the potential effectiveness of congressional control. ‘Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB). Zero Based Budgeting is a technique through which administrators must carefully justify their entire agencies budgets. Zero based budgeting requires a continual top-to-bottom assessment of all agencies programs designed to insure their cost effectiveness. ’ (Issa, 2011) We can see that many structures and techniques have been developed to allow Congress to be more effective in its oversight activities. However, jurisdictional disputes and pressures from various well organized special interests continue to prevent these new techniques and sources of information from being used effectively. In many occurrences, the actual nature and effect of government policy depends less on the actions of our elected officials than it does on the activities of non-elected bureaucrats who often remain totally immune from the pressures of the general publicalthough not necessarily from those of well-organized special interests. One of the major political issues determining our national future is the question of how well our government is able to represent effectively the needs and desires of the American people. As we have noted, the role of Congress as a representative of the people was one of the most important functions of this first branch of government envisioned by the Founders when they drafted the Constitution. However, the many new needs which our national government has had to meet in this century have placed this role of representation under great stress.

Analytical Essay: Riddle Of Inequality :: essays research papers

Analytical Essay: "The Riddle of Inequality" The riddle of inequality, as Tillich explains, "...Cannot be solved." This inequality is the divider of people, of the have's and have-nots. It seems that this riddle has confused people since the beginning of time and was even discussed in the bible. People always wonder why some have more than others do; they wonder why this happens and how it can change. I believe that this riddle is natural and cannot be changed despite he best efforts of people. Tillich attributes this mystery of have's and have-nots to many factors. First is that if you were granted with inherited talents then you should use them in life to the best of your ability. But if you let them go to waste, then these talents will ultimately be taken away. It is unfair when things are taken away that we might have taken for granted due to lack of attention, such as, "...[the] intense joy and the presence of the mystery of life through the freshness of the young day or the glory of the dying day..." These things are only taken away because we do not pay enough attention to the simple beauty in life and in nature. Although all of these are examples of inequality, I do not agree with Tillich when he claims that this is due to the presence of the divine, by the choice of God. I believe inequality comes from ourselves. We may embrace, or else let it slip away. It is through our lack of conscientiousness that life becomes unequal. I attribute the basic inequalities in nature as an effect of true nature, almost as far as survival of the fittest. Inequality is unfair but it is an aspect of life that people must deal with without an answer, without justification. When looking to God or any religious aspect for an answer you can only possibly answer the question yourself. When you pray or ask God a question you propose this question clearly to yourself. When you finally find an answer or solution it is not through the light of God, but through yourself and through your own learning and understanding of the world. Analytical Essay: Riddle Of Inequality :: essays research papers Analytical Essay: "The Riddle of Inequality" The riddle of inequality, as Tillich explains, "...Cannot be solved." This inequality is the divider of people, of the have's and have-nots. It seems that this riddle has confused people since the beginning of time and was even discussed in the bible. People always wonder why some have more than others do; they wonder why this happens and how it can change. I believe that this riddle is natural and cannot be changed despite he best efforts of people. Tillich attributes this mystery of have's and have-nots to many factors. First is that if you were granted with inherited talents then you should use them in life to the best of your ability. But if you let them go to waste, then these talents will ultimately be taken away. It is unfair when things are taken away that we might have taken for granted due to lack of attention, such as, "...[the] intense joy and the presence of the mystery of life through the freshness of the young day or the glory of the dying day..." These things are only taken away because we do not pay enough attention to the simple beauty in life and in nature. Although all of these are examples of inequality, I do not agree with Tillich when he claims that this is due to the presence of the divine, by the choice of God. I believe inequality comes from ourselves. We may embrace, or else let it slip away. It is through our lack of conscientiousness that life becomes unequal. I attribute the basic inequalities in nature as an effect of true nature, almost as far as survival of the fittest. Inequality is unfair but it is an aspect of life that people must deal with without an answer, without justification. When looking to God or any religious aspect for an answer you can only possibly answer the question yourself. When you pray or ask God a question you propose this question clearly to yourself. When you finally find an answer or solution it is not through the light of God, but through yourself and through your own learning and understanding of the world.

Discretionary Use Of Police Authority

Police officers enjoy the much-envied monopoly of instruments of force. Only a state armed force has recognized legal rights to wage violence against the citizenry and employ all manner of force in the name of maintaining law and order. A look at a number of police actions leaves a doubt whether all might be provided for by the law. The police are permitted to use a certain level of force in enforcing the law and while making arrests and maintaining order.The force used in this case is supposed to be reasonable; this reasonableness is not measurable and is at the discretion of the police or to a large extent to the court of law. In their day to day activities, police follow scripted rules and guidelines, guided by the law and their professional ethics, but rarely is all that they do contained in the written codes. Majority of what they go through depends on their personal intuition and judgment of what is right.They are supposed to make a split judgment on the most appropriate decisi on in a certain situation, whereas such a provision may not be provided in the rules. The legality of such decisions sometimes is in question. It is not possible for the law to contain all the likely scenarios that the police can come across. The unpredictable nature of their work makes it hard to do that and it is only through effective training and a high level of discipline that proper judgment and sound decisions can be made; even in an extremely uncertain environment.This however is an ideal situation and most of the time police officers have been noted to go to the extreme ends and making unreasonable decisions that are inconsistent with the publics’ expectations. In carrying out their duties, the police sometimes seem to be following their own discreet codes, codes that cannot be fathomed by civilians. Their rules are paternalistic in nature and may not be in line with the spirit of democracy. This and more is what this paper hopes to look at. It will scrutinize the po lice use of discretionary authority and note whether sometimes this authority is extremely and unreasonably overstretched.Discretion can simply be referred to as that power or freedom accorded to individuals, or the police for that matter, to make judgment or decisions that they think are appropriate to a certain situation. It is the judgment of police on how to bridge the gap that exists between what the stipulations in the law contain and the challenges on the ground (Seumas M. , et al, 2006). The laws governing the police forces are not specific and should under no certain terms be specific. They leave gaps and spaces that can only be filled through individual intuition.Most of these laws are said to be ambiguous and clearly requiring the reasoning of a well trained police officer to enforce (M. L. Dantzker, 2005. ). While it is prudent to say that almost all state or public departments and agencies use discretionary powers, it is in the policing agencies that they are most often applied and with major consequences. It is the legislature that determines the nature of laws that exist in a certain region, but it is up to the people on the ground, who are the police officers, that determine how those legislations are to be enforced and in what manner.The law sometimes is strict on certain issues but it is up to the law enforcement agents in touch with the public to make it more flexible while at the same time making it less or more punitive depending on the situation. Question stands on whether such discretion cannot be abused. For example whereas the law categorically prohibits the arresting of individual on mere suspicion with no form of evidence, the police in most case will arrest people and claim it is on ‘reasonable grounds of suspicion’. This suspicion is based on subjective judgments of a person’s behavior at the moment.Some officers are trained to believe that if one moves away hastily after seeing the police, he or she is likely t o be guilty of something. This is what some would call ‘behaving in a suspicious manner’. This might not be true as there is no law against hastening ones pace upon coming across the police officers, but the forces discretionary powers allow them to hold such person and search him or her. â€Å"Reasonable suspicion† becomes an ambiguous term that is hard to define or quantify. It is not measurable and at the same time not disputable.Interestingly though, contrary to what one would expect, discretionary powers in the police force decrease as one goes up the ladder while increasing down the cadre and hierarchy. This is because the officers up in hierarchy rarely come face to face with the public. Theirs is mostly limited to the boardroom meetings, strategy laying and maybe dealing with the ever-inquisitive media. This is not to mean that they top chiefs do not possess discretionary powers. On the contrary they do, but it is the lower ranking officers that have more opportunities of exercising this authority due to their daily contacts with the pubic.This discretionary authority turns them into policy makers, only this time it is at the ground or street level. This is because the most important decisions are made at the point of contact or encounter. It is here that the police officers make the most vital decisions regarding the step to take after a wrong has been committed. Depending on the weight of the crime, the officer on the ground will know what action to take. He might decide to warn, book or jail depending on the gravity of the situation. This may not be what the law has provided for.It is these powers to make such discretions that raise tension and discontent from the public, as they lead to discriminate and disproportionate application of laws. The general characteristic of discretionary authority is that in one way or another it has to be applied selectively. The prejudices that are held by the society have also been imported into the police force and must in a way impede upon the judgment of the police officers especially when they are exercising their discretionary authority.To most people in today’s world, where vehicles are prevalently used as the single most preferred means of mobility. Peoples’ contact with the government is through the police. Interactions with the citizenry is most likely to be with the traffic police officers, and it is them that are likely to make decisions based on their own judgments. This most likely emanates from the fact that most of the traffic offenses committed by motorists are but of small consequence, they are minor and one can escape with a verbal warning.The traffic laws prohibit over speeding or any other reckless driving that might be injurious or inconveniencing to other motorists. The patrol officers are always on the look out for such characters and can flag down any motorist they suspect is under the influence of alcohol. Police here use their discret ionary authority in making the kind of decision to be taken upon a motorist who commits such an offense. A traffic offense that is not serious would carry a number of penalties ranging from citing, booking or ticketing in accordance with the dominant traffic policy.Most people would like the law enforcement officers make lenient decisions in regard to such minor offenses and make hard stances on the major crimes such as kidnappings and bank robberies. More police discretionary powers should be extended towards passing lenient judgments on traffic offences rather than creating friction on their relationship with the motorists (Peak, K. J. , 2006). Most police agents have strict laws and policies in relation to traffic rules and tend to have punitive attitudes towards these offenses.Most traffic officers end up citing motorists rather than letting them go off with verbal warnings. This is the ethical and professional dilemma facing most police officers, their discretionary authority n ot withstanding, even where the law is very clear on traffic offenses and the nature of penalties imposed. This how the law is, it is supposed to be comprehensive and touching on almost everything. However, the scarce resources allocated may not cater for this. The meager financial resources cannot facilitate the strict following of the law to the letter.If all the provisions of the law are strictly adhered to, the courts would be clogged with cases and jails would be overcrowded. It is hence important that the police officers use their discretionary powers to sort these people out (Seumas M. , et al, 2006). As mentioned before, due to the subjective nature of the police duties, selective application of discretionary powers is probable and very common. Racial, religious, gender and ethnic profiling becomes real. For the traffic police officers, it is very likely to let of an elderly person off with over speeding than with a teenager or a middle age.This is because it is not common t o see aged people over speeding; the officers will tend to believe that there has to be a reason for such an action. The provisions of the law on over speeding not withstanding, most police officers are bound to make the same decision. A study of police application of discretionary powers also would reveal that it all depends on the behaviors and attitude of the subject under consideration. For those who are very confrontational and rude when addressed by police officers over their mistakes, they might not enjoy any leniency.Those who are orderly and remorseful of their actions are likely to receive a lighter treatment. Police discretionary powers are likely to be applied favorably mostly when the subject displays a sign of respect. These powers may also be extended to the unpopular laws in the society. Police would shun taking action against offenders of some minor offences. This is if there has been a public uproar against such laws. They would not want to be dragged into a row, a nd hence opt to turn a blind away to such offenders.There are exceptions however to this; no matter how unpopular some of these laws might be, discretionary powers might have applied harshly. The issue of police discretionary powers is dogged with controversy. There are those who claim that these powers are okay as they give the police an opportunity to apply their own judgment in meting out justice rather than waiting for the strenuous and elaborate process of the law. It gives the law a human face and gives the police a chance to act with compassion. The police sometimes are faced with situations where if they strictly adhere to the laws, catastrophes might happen.A police arresting a driver for over speeding might result to a implication if for example such a driver was rushing a patient to hospital. It is important that discretionary powers be extended to allow police officers make decisions that are appropriate to a specific situation at hand rather than blanket application of the law just because the stipulations state so. This leniency in the discretionary powers is also a kind of public relations. As afore mentioned, contact of the public and the police in today’s world is mostly limited to the traffic.Most people’s attitudes and perceptions of the police might to a great extent be shaped by this limited interaction. Any harshness towards motorists may be interpreted to mean that the police are all harsh and inconsiderate. The law contains a mesh of provisions that cannot all be applied, as most likely they would turn the citizens into slaves of rules. Discretionary powers are hence important to sort these laws out and enable the police to make the best decisions possible at that instance depending on the prevailing circumstances (John Blackler, Seumas Miller, 2005).However, opposition to discretion emanates to the discriminate application of justice. As said before, it is a highly subjective practice that embodies the incorporation of pe rsonal and emotional values. Issues such as racism, ethnics and other discrimination based on creed, socio-economic statues and gender will come into play. Personal prejudices might have an upper hand when a police officer is making the decision in regard to who will get what punishment, who will get a booking and who is to be released. A motorist may get away with over speeding, or driving under the influence just because he or she looks innocent or is remorseful.Police have been known to apply leniency to people who look remorseful after giving them a stern warning and arresting those that they think are disrespectful and self-righteous. This however should not be a criterion to be used while deciding who is to booked and who is to be let go. The law is clear on this and should be applied non-selectively. Allowing the use of discretionary powers by police officers is jut but breeding ground for corruption and bribery. Police officers are likely to take in bribes from criminals or petty offenders so that they may look the other way and apply discretionary powers.It may also lead to a breeding ground for more hardened offenders. A motorist who has escaped once with an over speeding offense may make it a habit of repeating the same mistake and preying on officer’s leniency. People might not be vigilant enough in regard to the petty offenses because there will be a likelihood of them getting away with such mistakes. A high number of people would be in favor of controlling the use of police discretionary authority, mostly as it is likely to be abused by police officers.This emanates from the image that most people have of the police; an image imparted through their interactions with the police, who most of the time are found to hostile and unreasonable. The police are not trained in psychiatry and should not base an individual’s guilt on ones behavior, remorse or lack of it thereof. It should be left to the court or tribunals to pass a verdict. If t he law states that a certain offense is finable then be it and this fine should be applied across the board and not selectively. The police are governed and bound by the law and all its comprehensive principles.The law is dynamic but it is also very clear on many issues. It is predictable and outcomes in many cases are certain. The same case should apply to the police force; their decisions should be predictable and consistent. The police force is in the executive arm of the government, its function is to implement the laws passed by the legislature, allowing it to make decision regarding the law is superseding the authority and can be a recipe for chaos. Unlimited use of police discretionary powers can to a greater extent be said to be undermining democracy.Laws under the tenets of democracy are a preserve of the legislature which is just but a of group of individuals representing the citizenry, who are democratically elected. The police represent the executive and in most cases wi ll be furthering the sitting government’s interests. They do not consult before passing the extra judicial pronouncements. The public has no room to scrutinize these decisions. Had there been an opportunity to review some of these discretionary powers, the system could work out efficiently (John Kleinig, 1996).However, as much as the public may wish to demonize the use of discretionary authority by the police, they are more than necessary. The law, despite being broad, is not comprehensive; it does not provide solutions to all the possible case scenarios likely to be faced by the police. Discretionary powers by the police come into play to bridge the gap between what the stipulations contain and what the situation on the ground is. The bone of contention is the likelihood of these powers being abused and applied selectively to favor a certain group of individuals over others. There is no provision in the law on how these powers are to be utilized.They are mainly subjective an d depend on a specific officer’s personality and orientation towards many issues in life. It would also depend on the nature of the mood of an officer at the time of the incident. It is unpredictable and lacks in consistency. It is apparent though that these discretionary powers cannot be done away with completely, effort hence should be geared towards curtailing them to a level that is acceptable to the public. Police should be well trained to ensure that their use of discretionary authority does not deviate from the law and is not applied discriminately. References John Kleinig, 1996. The ethics of policing. Cambridge University Press. John Blackler, Seumas Miller, 2005. Ethical issues in policing. Ash gate publishing Ltd. Seumas Miller, John Blackler, Andrew Alexandra, 2006. Police ethics. Waterside Press. Peak, K.J., 2006. Policing America: Methods, Issues, and Challenges. 5th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ. M.L. Dantzker, 2005.Understanding today’s Police. Criminal Justice Press.

Essay on Generations Boomers and Echos and Nexters †Oh My!

Generations: Boomers and Echos and Nexters – Oh My! Contents Overview 3 Critical Analysis 4 Suggested Implementation 5 Potential Problem with Implementation 7 Current Article:â€Å"10+ ways to minimize generational differences in the workplace† 7 Value of the Hankin Article 9 Important Takeaways 9 References 11 Overview The article â€Å"Generations: Boomers and Echos and Nexters – Oh My!† written by Harriet Hankin deals with generational diversity in the workplace. The main focus of the article is the differences of several generations of workers currently trying to thrive, or at least survive, together in today’s workforce. She discusses the different characteristics of each generation,†¦show more content†¦Another area we think she is not as strong in her argument is when she states â€Å"understanding generations is a useful tool for recognizing what motivates individuals because members of a generation share some of the same experiences that influence their perception and priorities.† (1) Then she brings up that some people argue for other factors playing a role and having an impact on a person, such as â€Å"upbringing, education, affluence or lack of it, and even geography†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1) While she states that she agrees with this viewpoint, she len ds little credence to it, still falling back to believing the birth year is more important. We do not necessarily agree with this viewpoint. We also believe the events that happen in history shape a person, but not more so than actual events and circumstances that happen to that individual. If you believe that every person in a generation is impacted the same way by the same event, you will never manage to diverse backgrounds. Just because a person grew up in a certain time period, they did not have the same experiences as everyone else in that period. Case in point, Ms. Hankin brought up drug use being very popular in the 60’s, the hippy generation, as it were. But there were many people in that generation that did not follow along and experiment with drugs, so it would be irresponsible to believe everyone in that generation had the same experience because they wereShow MoreRelatedA Leader Is One Who Or That Which Leads Or Conducts? Essay2381 Words   |  10 Pagessub ject of organizational behavior has enhanced my understanding of what constitutes effective versus ineffective leadership. Learning about the various leadership styles and traits that influence the behavior of individuals in leadership roles revealed the significant influence that leaders have on organizational performance. Participating in this class also helped me to identify the strengths and shortfalls that I bring to bear as a leader. As my perspective evolved over the duration of this courseRead MoreDissertation Proposal on Managing Diversity of Workforce18916 Words   |  76 Pagesthe multi-generation workforce. The specific focus is upon Generation ‘X’ and the Millennium Generation which are the two primary groups comprising the new workforce. Lawsson R.D. - Identifying and Managing Diversity of Workforce 216 Business Intelligence Journal January OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to complete a research proposal on the comparison of work values for gaining of knowledge for management of the multigeneration workforce. The specific focus is upon Generation ‘X’ and